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The LaOFeAs discovered this time is a layered compound having a crystalline structure formed by alternate lamination of an insulated lanthanum oxide layer (LaO) and a metallic conductive arsenic-iron (FeAs) layer ( FIG. 1 ). Normally, superconductivity does not occur even at low temperatures, but superconductivity appears after replacing a part of oxygen ions (O) with fluoride ions (F). Specifically, when the substitution amount of fluoride ion exceeds 3%, a superconducting state appears, and a maximum critical temperature of 32K is obtained at about 11%.
Hosoe et al.'s research group reported in July 2006 that the compound LaOFeP was a superconducting material, but the critical temperature at that time was very low, only about 5K. This time, by changing some of the components, the critical temperature was successfully increased. Such compounds are represented by the general formula of Ln(O1-XFX)M Pn (where Ln = lanthanide element, M = migrating metal, Pn = P (phosphorus), As (arsenic), Sb (gallium)), but The replacement of each element, the change of the ratio, the adjustment of the fluoride ion exchange amount, and the like can form a variety of substances. Therefore, it is expected that the temperature will be further improved in the future. Recent experimental data have shown that the critical temperature may increase to about 50K.
The result was the research results of the ERATO-SORST project of the basic research business of the JST (Science and Technology Agency) "Development and Application of Transparent Oxide Nanostructures" (October 2004 - September 2009). The project studied the systematic function of LnOMPn-based layered compounds. This compound has a crystal structure in which an insulating layer LnO and a semiconductor layer MPn are laminated alternately. Since the properties of the insulator, the semiconductor, the magnetic semiconductor, and the ferromagnetic body can be changed by selecting elements, the compound is considered as a promising compound in the industry and has been extensive attention.
In the case of high-temperature superconducting materials, the metal-based material magnesium diboride (MgB2) achieves a maximum critical temperature of 39K, and the copper-based oxide material Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O reaches 130K under normal pressure and reaches a high pressure. The maximum critical temperature of 160K, but no new records have emerged in recent years.
Tokyo Institute of Technology found that the critical temperature of high-temperature superconducting materials containing iron is 32K
Professor Hosono Hirano of the Interface Research Center at Tokyo Institute of Technology announced on February 18, 2008 that the superconducting state of iron-containing Oxypnictide compounds (LaOFeAs) was discovered. The highest critical temperature reported is 32K (-241.15°C). Previously, the industry believed that magnetic materials such as iron (Fe) did not produce superconductivity. In the future, it is expected that the critical temperature will be further increased by exploring compound materials having the same crystal structure.