Drinking water utilities may have to consider changing disinfectant to improve water quality and meet more stringent disinfection regulations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of a full-scale drinking water distribution system to a change in disinfectant from chlorine to chlorine dioxide, in terms of its impact on microbiological stability and disinfection by-product formation. Chlorine dioxide residuals were consistently present above detection limits throughout the distribution system (>0.20 mg/L). Over a study period of 3.5 months, no degradation of bacterial water quality occurred after implementing the new disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide maintained total bacteria (microscopic counts) and heterotrophic plate count levels below 2 x 105 cells/mL and 1000 CFU/mL, respectively. The change in disinfectant from chlorine to chlorine dioxide led to an 85% reduction in trihalomethanes (i.e., from 30 to 5 mg/L) and a 60% reduction in haloacetic acids (i.e., from 20 to 8 mg/L). Chlorine dioxide represents a valuable tool to produce high quality water and is a strong alternative to chlorine for certain distribution systems. Key words: distribution system, chlorine dioxide, drinking water quality, disinfection by-products. Chlorine Dioxide Mouthwash, Car Deodorizer Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine Dioxide For Household Antiseptics, Chlorine Dioxide For Civil Application Nanjing Ligong Shuifu Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.watermanclo2.com
Technical level further improved
Experts pointed out that to achieve energy-saving effect of liquid gas-tight products, it is imperative to increase the service life. The biggest gap between China's liquid airtight products and similar foreign products is in the service life. For example, the service life of most domestic piston pump/motor products used in main engines such as construction machinery in China is only 1/2 times that of similar foreign products. If the service life of these products can reach the level of similar foreign products, it means that the production of these products will consume about 50% less materials, energy, and working hours. Therefore, the current industry of hydraulic and pneumatic seals has to fight for the goal of improving product life. The industry has proposed that within 3 to 5 years, the service life of the main products of hydraulic pneumatic seals produced by us will reach the level of similar products in the international advanced countries.
Experts believe that to increase the service life of products, the main force should be in the process and materials. In recent years, China's liquid gas-tight industrial enterprises have invested heavily in processing equipment, equipment replacement, processing methods and capabilities have been greatly improved, but there is still a large gap in the surface treatment process, resulting in low product life, so The advanced surface treatment process must be vigorously promoted.
To increase the service life of hydraulic and pneumatic products, the performance and quality of the bearings, high-strength bolts, springs, and seals that are provided for them are required to be reliable. Only when these kits meet the requirements for the use of hydro-pneumatic products can the hydraulic pneumatics be improved. The service life of the product.
Leakage is a worldwide problem in the machinery industry. Over the years, numerous technicians have been working tirelessly to solve this problem. In particular, the leakage of the hydraulic system not only pollutes the environment, but also reduces the performance and service life of the equipment. Reducing leakage is undoubtedly the most obvious energy saving and emission reduction. It is estimated that the world's major developed countries will be supplemented with 700,000 to 1 million tons of oil each year due to leakage of the main hydraulic system. Although China has not measured the leakage of the hydraulic system, according to China's current level of technology, management level and personnel quality, China's economic losses caused by leakage must not be overlooked. In particular, it is worth noting that industrial compressors account for 6% of the country's total electricity consumption. Therefore, reducing the loss of compressor air leakage is a top priority for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Experts pointed out that to reduce leakage from the design start, the hydraulic components use a zero-leakage seal structure and high-performance seals, hydraulic systems to minimize leakage links, such as integrated blocks, the use of threaded cartridge valves, high-performance pipe fittings.
When developing products, companies should also pay attention to energy-saving technologies and energy-saving products that are urgently needed by host users. Energy-saving technologies that are more popular in the industry include load sensing technology, secondary regulation technology, proportional control technology, frequency conversion, servo motor drive technology, hydraulic and electronic, electrical and mechanical HYBRID technology; energy-saving products include load-sensing steering , Load sensing plunger pump, load sensing multi-way valve, electromechanical digital pump, digital valve, digital cylinder, etc., to meet the miniaturization, intelligent, digital liquid required for automatic control, especially field bus control Gas-tight products, high-power fan, pump, power generation equipment and other applications of speed-type fluid coupling and fluid coupling transmission, low-power pneumatic components.
Experts also suggest that companies can adopt advanced design methods when developing products. For example, some companies adopt the finite element method to optimize the existing products. The weight of only one part is reduced from 600kg to 380kg; Cutting or less cutting process, improve the utilization of raw materials, such as a company using steel coil process instead of thin-walled large-diameter parts of the cutting process, not only improve the efficiency of tens of times, but also save a lot of raw materials.
Policy measures keep up with
In addition to the company’s own efforts, experts believe that in order to form a good atmosphere for the application of new energy-saving materials, new processes, and the development of new energy-saving products in the industry, relevant policies and measures need to be promoted.
First, give full play to the role of the association and establish an independent innovation system for the industry. In the past, the combination of production, study and research failed to form an independent innovation system, and no one coordinated the interests of all parties. As a result, it failed more than success. In light of previous experiences and lessons learned, the association should play an intermediary role as an organizer, coordinator, supervisor and manager of an independent innovation system. The technical engineering center in the industry shall form an entity with enterprises as the main body and close integration of production, education and research. The main task is to undertake bidding for major projects and major projects in some countries, and to become the incubator for key technologies common to the industry, and to become new products and new technologies in the industry. The pilot base for the research, development, and application of new materials has become the first link of the industrialized chain of leading talents in the industry.
Second, support the development and promotion of energy-saving products in tax policies. The research, development, promotion, and application of energy-saving products require the support of national tax policies. Liquid gas-tight enterprises are mostly SMEs, and their strength is limited. It is difficult to develop without national policies. The state may grant tax relief on relevant taxes, and the funds for the reduction or exemption shall be devoted to the research and development and promotion of energy-saving products.
Third, actively encourage OEMs to give priority to energy-saving products. The liquid airtight industry is an industry supported by the main engine plant, and the energy saving effect is finally reflected in the users. Now the main concern of the OEM is the price and quality of the product, and there is insufficient attention to the energy efficiency of the product. Therefore, relevant departments are required to issue relevant policies to mobilize the enthusiasm of the OEM to use energy-saving products.
Fourth, to achieve professional, standardized, large-scale production. To achieve energy-saving goals, products must achieve specialization, standardization, and large-scale production, which is now necessary for the liquid-gas-tight industry to adjust product structure and transform production methods.
China's liquid airtight industry needs energy-saving and emission reduction technology and policy support
In liquid airtight products, hydraulic, hydraulic and pneumatic products play an important role in saving energy in machinery and equipment. Seals are indispensable for reducing the leakage of mechanical equipment transmission medium (emission reduction). While liquid airtight products play a role in the energy saving and emission reduction of mechanical equipment, they must also meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction in the production process. Therefore, industry experts said that in order to meet the needs of the host, but also for their own sustainable and healthy development needs, the liquid airtight industry must be the ideal goal of energy-saving emission reduction, environmental friendly industry development. At present, many liquid gas-tight enterprises are actively adopting new technologies, new processes, and new materials to continuously develop new energy-saving products.