At the beginning of September 2015, during the commemorative activities of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, pollutant emissions in the air in Beijing and surrounding areas decreased by more than 30%, making the sky blue during the day and starring at night. It was called "the parade blue" by the citizens. However, in the past two weeks, haze has reappeared in Beijing, and environmental issues have once again become a topic of concern for everyone.
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At the China Automotive Industry Development (TEDA) International Forum, Yu Xiaofei, Director of the Department of Science and Technology Standards of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, revealed that the sixth phase of the emission standards (hereinafter referred to as the “National Six Standardsâ€) will be finalized and implemented at the end of 2016. According to the current environmental protection requirements, the “Six National Standards†will further tighten the emission limits of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The overall goal is to tighten the national five standards by 30%.
At the same time, Beijing is also formulating the world's most stringent 6th phase emission standard (hereinafter referred to as the "Beijing VI standard"), and strives to begin implementation in 2017. It is reported that Beijing will gradually increase the emission standards of new vehicles, and improve the quality of gasoline and diesel oil products, strengthen the use of vehicles to achieve standard management, accelerate the elimination of old vehicles, and achieve continuous reduction in total emissions.
The establishment of the "Sixth National Standard" was started in 2014 and started in 2015. The participating units include the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, mobile source bases and standards institutes. The cooperative units include the China Automotive Technology and Research Center and the Beijing Motor Vehicle Emissions Management Center. Beijing Institute of Technology and other organizations, in the process of setting standards, in addition to involving motor vehicles, oil products also made relevant requirements, so there are some oil refining companies also participate in the project.
Lou Xiaofei said: "On the formulation of this standard, we must abide by some basic principles. First, we must consider our country's national conditions to ensure that standards are feasible and feasible. We must take into account the actual road conditions, oil conditions, and driving habits in China. At the same time, the standard The U.S. practice has played an important role in OBD, ensuring that cars can meet their standards throughout the entire life cycle, and can play a greater role in improving the quality of the environment. Through this standard, we hope to make substantive contributions to some VOCs, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matters. The effect of reducing emissions can also play a leading role in technological advancement and promote the healthy development of the automotive industry."
"Based on these considerations, we now see that if we continue to follow the European standards system, it may be difficult to meet the needs of our environmental management and we will not be able to solve the difficulties we face. Therefore, the future standard is to fully learn from Europe. And some of the United States' successful experience can make adjustments to some key management and technical content while considering the continuity of standards,†said Xiaofei.
Lou Xiaofei said that in addition to the PM2.5 pollution that the "Six National Standards" should pay attention to, ozone pollution cannot be ignored. From the first half of the year, the number of ozone pollution days has exceeded the PM2.5 pollution, and nitrogen oxides and VOCs are important pollutants for ozone. Therefore, the pollution control of motor vehicles should focus on conventional particulate matter. Give more attention to the ozone issue.
It is reported that in order to improve the "Six National Standards," the relevant national departments have even formed a team of experts, launched demonstrations and seminars, and completed the translation of the Euro VI and American standards. At the same time, research on different operating conditions and different impacts of different oil products was carried out, and hundreds of emission tests were completed.
Beijing is striving to be the vanguard of reducing emissions While the country is actively formulating the "National Six Standards," Beijing, which is the hardest-hit area for PM2.5 pollution, is also working hard to introduce the world's most stringent emission standards.
A few days ago, experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences stated that the PM2.5 caused by motor vehicle emissions accounted for about 5%-6% of total pollutants in a city. However, Li Kunsheng, director of the Vehicle Emissions Management Division of the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, said: "More than half of the hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles are directly converted to PM2.5. This is why vehicle pollution occurs in large cities in China and abroad. The sharing rate exceeds 30% and becomes the first source of pollution. Nitrogen oxides are mainly emitted by large-displacement vehicles, while hydrocarbons are mainly emitted by small-displacement vehicles."
It is reported that based on its own special circumstances, based on the “Six National Standardsâ€, Beijing Municipality has adopted the most stringent California emission standards in the United States and has further formulated the more stringent “Beijing Six Standardsâ€. While formulating the "Beijing VI Standard," Beijing Municipality has also formed a regional linkage of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with the surrounding areas in relation to emissions, and established a joint motor vehicle supervision office with relevant departments of the provinces and cities in the region to carry out cross-enforcement, joint enforcement, and off-site operations. Law enforcement, in August Beijing and surrounding provinces and cities have begun training for relevant environmental protection personnel, and have begun to enter the market for vehicle sampling.
Li Kunsheng stated that the laboratory built by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Environmental Protection in accordance with the world’s most advanced level has been operating for several years and penalized some vehicles that exceeded the standards. From next year, penalties will be increased, and any company that violates regulations will be punished with three times the sales amount. In addition, atmospheric governance will become a key investment in Beijing's finances, which will increase to RMB 20 billion this year based on the RMB 14 billion invested last year.
Companies actively respond to emission upgrades In addition to government agencies formulating more stringent emission standards, auto companies are also increasing their investment in technology and capital to reduce emissions.
Honda Motor Co. proposed that by 2020, the company's sales of carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 30% of the target, and take a number of measures to deal with. First of all, on the basis of technological improvements in gasoline engines and diesel engines, we will promote the use of electric vehicles to further increase the efficiency of hybrid vehicles. Second, Honda will accelerate the development of pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. In addition, in fields other than automobiles, Honda will study renewable energy based on solar energy, biotechnology, and hydrogen fuel.
In the same way, Toyota Motor is also working hard to develop energy-related research on alternative oils. It is advancing fuel consumption by improving the power transmission efficiency to reduce the drag on vehicles, and it is developing a hybrid power-saving ratio of 40% compared to passenger cars at the same level. Automotive promotion work.
Li Yu, president of Wanfeng Auto Group Research Institute, is also working for enterprises. He said: “To achieve the effect of further energy-saving and emission reduction, auto companies can further innovate on the lightweight of motor vehicles. According to the calculation, the weight of the vehicle For every 100 kg reduced, the fuel consumption per 100 km can be reduced by 0.7 liters, and for every 10% reduction in the vehicle's own weight, the vehicle's fuel efficiency can be increased by 5.5%.To achieve this goal, new material magnesium alloys have emerged in the market and will have the opportunity to be replaced The first choice for existing car body materials."