· Does the emission reduction technology go left or right?

After the Volkswagen diesel car was thrown out of the United States this time, the "myth" about the environmental protection of diesel vehicles was also broken. The two things of automobile and environmental protection are not only important for the United States and Germany, but also become an important issue in the world. . Diesel vehicles are not low-carbon. It seems that the hybrid route represented by Toyota and Honda has become a truly environmentally friendly choice. So, how do diesel cars step into the altar in Europe step by step?
In fact, as early as 1983, German engineer Rudolf invented the diesel engine. In 1936, Daimler-Benz Company first used the diesel engine for mass production of cars, and announced the birth of the first diesel vehicles in Europe. After more than a century of development, the number of diesel passenger cars currently in Europe has exceeded 50%.
Due to the inherent shortage of early diesel vehicles, such as slow speed, black smoke, and loud noise, many people are very resistant to diesel passenger cars. Until the 1970s, the use of diesel vehicles in Europe was still very small. Less than 5% of car ownership.
The first oil crisis broke out in 1973, triggering a long-term structural change in the world energy market, forcing major importing countries to actively seek alternative energy sources and develop energy-saving technologies. Diesel passenger cars have inherently high fuel economy and are beginning to receive the attention of manufacturers and the government. In 1977, Volkswagen launched the world's first sub-compact diesel sedan, the Golf 1.5D diesel sedan, and opened the market. Later, other automakers followed the Volkswagen to introduce some diesel sedan models. By 1985 all major European manufacturers had incorporated diesel into their own car engine spectrum. After 1987, the continuously popularized turbocharging technology greatly improved the performance of diesel engines. Diesel passenger cars are gradually accepted and their share is rising.
One to the left and one to the right In 1990, the third oil crisis broke out and the global economy was deeply affected. Due to the shortage of petroleum resources worldwide, the use of petroleum products has become a consensus. Immediately after the introduction of the new direct-injection diesel engine pioneered by Volkswagen, it has further enhanced the appearance of diesel cars with its high reliability, excellent power performance, low fuel consumption and less harmful emissions. The car is booming in the European market. At the end of the 1990s, the market share of diesel vehicles in Europe reached 28.8%.
Since then, European countries' incentives for low-emission, fuel-efficient cars have spurred demand for diesel cars. Due to the less harmful emissions of diesel cars, diesel cars emit 20% less hydrocarbons and 30% greenhouse gases than similar gasoline cars. Especially after the EU signed the "Kyoto Protocol" and promised to cut carbon dioxide emissions, the policy of taxing cars by carbon dioxide emissions is beneficial to diesel cars with less carbon dioxide emissions.
In addition, some preferential tax policies for fuel-efficient cars promoted by some major European countries have also stimulated the consumption of diesel cars. While formulating strict emission regulations, the EU has issued a clean fuel regulation that complies with the development of modern diesel engine technology, and has also created a relaxed environment for the dieselization of cars.
After more than 30 years of development, diesel passenger cars have become an important part of the European passenger car market. 90% of taxis in Europe are diesel vehicles. The basic configuration of German taxis is diesel passenger cars, while the market share of diesel passenger cars in Western Europe has exceeded 50% of the passenger car market. The market share of diesel passenger cars in France, Spain, Belgium, Norway, the United Kingdom and other countries even exceeded 70%.
The three oil crises swept the world and brought great obstacles to the world economy. In Europe, the birthplace of automobiles, due to the accumulation of technology in diesel engines, the focus of development has long been based on diesel engines in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction and later environmental protection. Technological innovation. On the other side of the globe, Japan chose a completely different path.
The Japanese have a lot of land, resources are scarce, and almost all of the oil resources depend on imports. This is the case, and the Japanese and even this country have an extremely strong awareness of energy crisis. Affected by the first oil crisis, Toyota began to promote small-scale fuel-efficient cars and successfully won the US market. The same Nissan, Honda, and Isuzu groups followed suit, especially Honda's most fierce, Honda sales in the United States in 1970. The number was only 1,300, and after the first oil crisis, it jumped to nearly 100,000.
The ubiquitous sense of crisis is forcing Japan to find ways to conserve resources and protect the environment. It is this kind of awareness that has made Japanese auto companies out of a different path. Japanese car companies are in the forefront of the development of new eco-friendly vehicles such as hybrids and fuel cells. At the same time, they have also formulated strict emission standards, automobile noise standards, unleaded gasoline standards, vehicle safety regulations, and commodity returns since the 1960s. Rules and other regulations. In Japan, the purchase of eco-friendly vehicles is subject to free purchase tax. Only by these points can it be used to withstand the test of the market at the time of the change in demand for automobiles caused by the oil crisis.
The time was set in 1997. In this year, the diesel engine technology used by Volkswagen in Audi and SEAT cars realized the transcendence of the Peugeot Citroen Group and gradually became the leader of the European diesel sedan market. In the same year, Toyota's first-generation hybrid technology model was also listed as the world's first hybrid model Prius. In the context of energy conservation and emission reduction as the first pursuit, European diesel engines are popular, while Japan is trying to reduce the consumption and dependence on all fossil fuels.
The battle between 8 million and 11 million In 2013, the World Health Organization issued a report that carcinogens such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts are a serious threat to the health of European residents. Since then, environmentalists have become more opposed to diesel vehicles, and the social image of diesel vehicles has become worse. London and Paris have announced restrictions on the use of diesel vehicles.
European countries have levied taxes on car CO2 emissions, which has led to a rebound in diesel car sales. On February 2 this year, British Labor Party Shadow Environment Minister Barry Gardiner admitted: “The government’s previous decision to tax cars based on CO2 emissions and support diesel vehicles is a 'wrong decision', as this decision promoted the sale of diesel vehicles. Exhaust emissions have greatly damaged the public environment and public health." About two months before this speech, French Prime Minister Vals once said that taxation of car CO2 emissions is a "wrong decision."
From the vigorous advocacy of the year to the painful thinking of this year, all of this is related to the innate genes of diesel engines. The number of CO2 emitted by diesel engines is lower than that of gasoline engines, but the emissions of nitrogen oxides and dust particles are 4 times and 22 times that of gasoline engines, respectively. . These nitrogen oxides and dusts are extremely damaging to human lungs and blood vessels and increase the incidence of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. With the increasingly strict global environmental protection regulations and the deepening of the awareness of emission pollution, the shortage of diesel engines is difficult to make up for in technology. The once-applied pearl has been hit into the cold. The suppression measures adopted by governments in diesel passenger vehicles have become the last straw to overwhelm diesel engines.
Although the problems and limitations of the development of diesel vehicles have already been seen, many European automakers are eager to stop the diesel cars like swallowing opium. The other stoves are disastrous for all manufacturers who rely on diesel engines for breakthroughs in energy conservation and emission reduction. The consequences, another path is not an easy move overnight.
At this time, Japanese auto brands that have always been regarded as the world's counterparts, especially Toyota and Honda, are representative of the unremitting efforts and input of hybrid technology. Up to now, only Toyota's hybrid models have accumulated more than 8 million global sales, and Volkswagen needs to recall and repair 11 million vehicles worldwide to meet existing pollution restrictions.
Hybrid technology is still flourishing, and Japanese auto brands have mastered a large number of patents for hybrid and new energy technologies. The traditional power models of Xishan Xishan have been able to maintain certain competition under the application of technologies such as turbocharging and high-pressure common rail. However, in the future, energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental protection regulations are bound to be more demanding, although European and American car brands are also increasing the corresponding investment in plug-in hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles, and the birth of Tesla is born. Aristocrats, but at present, it is still difficult to achieve a staged breakthrough. I have to mention Toyota again. This year, the Toyota hydrogen-powered car Mirai has been listed in Japan and the United States.
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