National major scientific research project to construct a new type of magic light trap single atomic quantum bit coherence time by a hundred times

Recently, the state's major scientific research project "controlled single-atom (ion) and optical coupling system quantum state manipulation" to achieve a new type of magic light trap - magic light dipole, will be imprisoned in the micro light trap The coherent time of a single neutral atomic qubit increases by a hundredfold from milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds.

Single neutral atoms and atomic arrays trapped in light traps are one of the physical candidate systems for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. Neutral atomic system coupled with the external environment than other systems (such as ions, NV color centers, quantum dots, superconducting lines, etc.) is weak, conducive to the preparation of large-scale single-atom arrays. One of the key aspects of quantum information processing in a large-scale neutral atomic register is that the coherence of single-qubit bits can be well preserved when transferred in different lattice points in the array. In general, quantum bits are encoded in the clock transitions of two hyperfine levels of Rb atoms. The splitting of the ultrafine level leads to different optical frequency shifts of the upper and lower atoms in the trap, resulting in differential optical frequency shifts. Differential optical frequency shift is the main factor that leads to the loss of coherence in the monatomic quantum bit transfer, which is difficult to be solved by the usual method of dynamic decoupling. This problem has limited the realization and application of large-scale neutral atomic quantum information processing platform.

The researchers used the experimental platform of monatomic control to measure the hyperpolarizability of ground-state atoms in the vector field for the first time in the world. By controlling the weak interactions between the vector laser field and the atoms, the researchers constructed a single-atom magic light intensity pair Very well, effectively eliminating the harmful differential optical frequency shift. In this well, the lifetime of a single qubit increases from a few milliseconds to 225 milliseconds. The researchers succeeded in using a moving magical trap to extract a quiescent qubit from another static magical trap and become a moving bit, which is transferred back to its original location. By measuring the interference fringes of the moving qubits, it was found that the coherence of the qubits is not lost due to the transfer. This important achievement, published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 123201, 2016, laid the foundation for the next step in the construction of a scalable quantum information processor using single-atom confinement in an optical dipole array The foundation.

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